Know More About This Test

The HIV (I & II) Antibodies test is a blood screening test used to detect antibodies produced by the immune system in response to Human Immunodeficiency Virus types 1 and 2. HIV-1 is the most common globally, while HIV-2 is seen mainly in certain regions and progresses more slowly.

This test plays a crucial role in early detection, preventing transmission, and initiating timely antiretroviral therapy. Modern assays are highly sensitive and form the backbone of HIV screening programs worldwide.

Why Is This Test Recommended?

You may be advised this test to:

• Screen for HIV infection

• Investigate unexplained weight loss, fever, or infections

• As part of antenatal screening

• Before surgeries or blood donation

• Following high-risk exposure

Understanding HIV Antibody Testing

After HIV enters the body, antibodies usually develop within 2–12 weeks. This test detects those antibodies, not the virus itself. A negative test during the “window period” may require repeat testing. Early diagnosis allows effective treatment and near-normal life expectancy.

Symptoms or Conditions That May Require This Test

• Prolonged fever or night sweats

• Recurrent infections

• Chronic diarrhea

• Weight loss

• Antenatal care screening

Why Do I Need This Test?

Early detection helps prevent disease progression and transmission to others.

How Do I Prepare for the Test?

• No fasting is required.

• Inform your doctor about recent exposures.

How Is the Test Performed?

A blood sample is drawn from a vein and analyzed using immunoassay techniques.

What Happens After the Test?

Reactive results are confirmed using supplemental tests.

When Should I Consult a Doctor?

Immediately, if the result is reactive or indeterminate.

Risks Associated With This Test

Minimal risk related to blood draw only.

Lifestyle Tips

• Practice safe sex

• Avoid sharing needles

• Regular testing if high-risk

What Does This Test Measure?

Antibodies against HIV-1 and HIV-2.

What Do the Results Mean?

• Non-reactive: No antibodies detected

• Reactive: Possible infection; confirmation needed

What Should I Do If Results Are Abnormal?

Seek specialist care for confirmatory testing and counseling.

Factors Affecting Results

Window period, immune status, recent exposure.

FAQs

• Does this test detect HIV immediately after exposure? No, this test does not detect HIV immediately after exposure because it relies on the body's antibody response, which typically takes 2–12 weeks to develop; for very early detection, a viral load test like PCR is recommended during the initial window period.

• Is a positive result final? No, a positive result is not final and requires confirmation through additional tests, such as Western blot or PCR, to distinguish true infection from false positives and guide appropriate treatment.

• Is fasting required? No, fasting is not required for this HIV antibody test, as it focuses on immune response markers rather than metabolic factors, making it convenient for routine screening.

• Can pregnancy affect results? Rarely, pregnancy can mildly affect results due to immune system changes, but specialized antenatal HIV tests account for this, and false positives are uncommon with modern assays.

• Is HIV treatable? Yes, HIV is highly treatable with antiretroviral therapy (ART), which can suppress the virus to undetectable levels, prevent progression to AIDS, and allow individuals to live long, healthy lives while reducing transmission risk.